Technology Enhanced Actual Situation Awareness Model for Dog-Handlers Working with Search and Rescue Dogs

Abstract

Rescue dogs are used in disaster response because of their ability to find victims using their excellent sense of smell, supported by dynamic decision-making skills. Disaster area environment is hazardous for both dogs and dog-handlers. Therefore, new technology is being developed to assist. In this article we argue that if new technologies are developed with the aim of making search and rescue missions in disaster zones safer and more successful, then there is a need to research how such technology can support communication between dog, handler, and incident command; in particular, how is shared situation awareness developed and supported. We present a model that scopes the interactions between human, dog, and technology together with advanced techniques for assessing those interactions through measurement of (shared) situation awareness and understanding. With such a wide range of potential technologies (such as VR, AR, 360-degree online video streaming, gas detecting sensors and special communication vests for dogs) having a clear view of how different parts of a team interact, and how to assess those interactions, is crucial. The use of technology (e.g. AR) is not limited to use in the implementation of search and rescue procedures, but can also be used in testing, and training for, other new technologies.